United States: Every year, over 350,000 individuals suffer cardiac arrest outside of a hospital, as reported by the American Heart Association (AHA). Although older individuals and men face a higher risk of cardiac arrest, around 2,000 seemingly healthy people under 25 years old succumb to it annually, as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
These two distinct heart conditions are connected. Sudden cardiac arrest can occur after a heart attack or during recovery. Heart attacks increase the risk of sudden cardiac arrest, according to reports.
Many heart attacks do not immediately lead to sudden cardiac arrest; however, sudden cardiac arrest can be a common result of a heart attack. Other heart conditions can also disrupt the heart’s rhythm and lead to sudden cardiac arrest.
These conditions include a thickened heart muscle (cardiomyopathy), heart failure, arrhythmias, particularly ventricular fibrillation, and long QT syndrome.
Quick action can save lives.
Heart Attack vs. Cardiac Arrest: Key Differences Explained
Understanding the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest is crucial, as each requires different responses and treatments.
Here’s an explanation of these two severe heart conditions:
Heart Attack
A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, happens when a part of the heart is deprived of oxygen and nutrients due to a blockage in the coronary arteries, often caused by a blood clot, leading to damage or destruction of the heart muscle.
Causes:
Blocked coronary arteries due to plaque buildup.
Blood clots obstructing blood flow.
Symptoms:
Intense chest pain or discomfort.
Pain spreading to shoulders, neck, or arms.
Shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, or lightheadedness.
Treatment:
Immediate medical help is essential.
Treatments include medications (like aspirin and thrombolytics) and procedures (such as angioplasty and stenting).
Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac arrest, on the other hand, is an electrical malfunction that causes the heart to stop beating suddenly. It is often fatal if not treated immediately.
Causes:
Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) like ventricular fibrillation.
Heart conditions (e.g., cardiomyopathy) or severe physical stress.
It can be triggered by a heart attack.
Symptoms:
Sudden collapse and loss of consciousness.
No pulse and no breathing.
Immediate medical attention is required.
Treatment:
Start CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) immediately.
Use an AED (automated external defibrillator) if available.
Emergency medical services (EMS) should be called immediately.
Key Takeaway:
Heart Attack: Blood flow to the heart is blocked, causing muscle damage. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Treatment focuses on restoring blood flow.
Cardiac Arrest: Sudden loss of heart function due to electrical issues. Symptoms include sudden collapse and no pulse. Immediate CPR and defibrillation are crucial.
Knowing these differences can save lives. In case of a heart attack, seek emergency help immediately. For cardiac arrest, perform CPR and use an AED if possible while waiting for EMS, as per reports.
Are you at risk for a heart attack or cardiac arrest?
Family history represents the most significant risk factor for cardiac arrest. Dr. Ackerman emphasizes that if a family member has experienced sudden cardiac arrest or passed away suddenly, it could suggest a genetic link.
And, if you’ve ever felt lightheaded while working out or during another activity, he recommends getting screened for a heart condition.
Risk factors for all heart diseases include:
Smoking
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Obesity
Diabetes
An inactive lifestyle
It’s crucial to have a well-rounded diet that includes ample fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats while minimizing processed foods, sugar, and salt.
Exercising regularly and paying attention to your body is recommended, particularly if you experience fatigue or shortness of breath during physical activity.
Swift action is vital during a cardiac arrest, says Robert Segal, MD, a board-certified cardiologist and founder of Manhattan Cardiology at the Medical Offices of Manhattan. “Learning how to do CPR and how to use an AED can help save lives in an emergency.”
“Heart attacks and cardiac failure may seem like health problems that only affect older people, but young people can also be at risk,” he added.
“Living a heart-healthy lifestyle can greatly reduce the risk of heart disease and its effects.”